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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

Coordinates: 41°53′46″N 87°37′40″W / 41.8960°N 87.6277°W / 41.8960; -87.6277
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Archdiocese of Chicago

Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis
Holy Name Cathedral
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
CountryUnited States
TerritoryCounties of Cook and Lake
Ecclesiastical provinceChicago
Statistics
Area1,411 sq mi (3,650 km2)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2017)
5.94 million
2,079,000[1] (35%)
Parishes216[1] (As of 1/2024)
Schools154 archdiocesan-run[1]
34 non-archdiocesan-run[1]
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
EstablishedNovember 28, 1843; 180 years ago (1843-11-28)
CathedralHoly Name Cathedral
Patron saintImmaculate Conception[citation needed]
Secular priests672[1]
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopBlase J. Cupich[2]
Auxiliary Bishops
Vicar GeneralRobert Gerald Casey[3]
Bishops emeritus
Map
Website
archchicago.org

The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. It was established as a diocese in 1843 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1880. It serves the more than 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties in the state of Illinois, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). The archdiocese is divided into six vicariates and 31 deaneries.

Blase Joseph Cupich was appointed Archbishop of Chicago in 2014 (and Cardinal in 2016) by Pope Francis, and is assisted by six episcopal vicars, who are each responsible for a vicariate (region). The cathedral parish for the archdiocese, Holy Name Cathedral, is in the Near North Side area of the see city for the diocese, Chicago. The Archdiocese of Chicago is the metropolitan see of the Province of Chicago. Its suffragan dioceses are the other Catholic dioceses in Illinois: Belleville, Joliet, Peoria, Rockford, and Springfield.

Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, Archbishop of Chicago from 1982 to 1996, was arguably one of the most prominent figures in the church in the United States in the post-Vatican II era, rallying progressives with his "seamless garment ethic" and his ecumenical initiatives.[4]

History

[edit]
See also: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore § History

Arrival of missionaries

[edit]
Reverend Marquette

The first Catholic presence in present-day Illinois was that of the French Jesuit missionary, Reverend Jacques Marquette, who arrived at the mouth of the Chicago River on December 4, 1674. A cabin he built for the winter became the first European settlement in the area. Marquette published his survey of the new territories and soon more French missionaries and settlers arrived.[5]

In 1696, the French Jesuit Reverend Jacque Gravier was named to found the Illinois mission among the Illinois, Miami, Kaskaskia and others of the Illiniwek confederacy situated in the Mississippi River and Illinois River valleys.[6]During this period, the French-Canadian and Native American Catholics in the region were under the jurisdiction of the bishop of the Diocese of Quebec in New France.

With the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the British took control of Illinois. Their rule ended after the end of the American Revolution in 1783 when Illinois was ceded to the new United States. In 1795, the Potawatomi nation signed the Treaty of Greenville that ended the Northwest Indian War, ceding to the United States land at the mouth of the Chicago River. Fort Dearborn was erected there in 1804.

Also in 1804, Pope Pius VI erected the Diocese of Baltimore, covering the entire United States. In 1822, Alexander Beaubien became the first person to be baptized in Chicago.[7]By 1826, the Vatican had created the Diocese of St. Louis, covering Illinois and other areas of the American Midwest.

In 1833, Jesuit missionaries in Chicago wrote to Bishop Joseph Rosati of St. Louis, pleading for a priest to serve the 100 Catholics living in the city. In response, Rosati appointed Reverend John Saint Cyr. a French priest, as the first resident priest in Chicago. Saint Cyr celebrated his first mass in a log cabin in Chicago on Lake Street in 1833.[7]

First parish

[edit]
St. Mary's Cathedral, Chicago

At a cost of $400, Saint Cyr constructed a small wooden church near Lake and State Streets in Chicago. St. Mary Church, the first Catholic church in the city, was dedicated in 1833.[8] The next year, Bishop Simon Bruté of the new Diocese of Vincennes visited Chicago, where he found one priest serving over 400  Catholics. Brulé asked permission from Rosati to send a group of his own priests from Vincennes to Chicago.

In 1837, Saint Cyr retired as pastor of St. Mary and was replaced by Reverend James O'Meara. He moved St. Mary to another wooden structure at the intersection of Wabash Avenue and Madison Street. When O'Meara left Chicago, Saint Palais demolished St. Mary and replaced it with a brick structure.[9]

Establishment of diocese

[edit]

In 1852, at the First Plenary Council of Baltimore, the participants concluded that the rapidly growing Catholic population of Chicago needed its own diocese.[7] Following their request, Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Chicago on November 28, 1843. It included all of the new State of Illinois, taking territory from the Dioceses of St. Louis and Vincennes.[10]

In 1844, Gregory XVi named Reverend William Quarter of Ireland as the first bishop of Chicago. [7]On his arrival in the diocese, Quarter summoned a synod of the 32 priests to begin its organization.[7]

One of Quarter's most important achievements was his successful petitioning for the passage of an Illinois law in 1845 that declared the bishop of Chicago an incorporated entity, a corporation sole, with power to hold real and other property in trust for religious purposes.[11] This allowed the bishop to pursue large-scale construction of new churches, colleges, and universities to serve the needs of Chicago's Roman Catholic faithful. After four years of service, Quarter died on April 10, 1848.[12]

Fire of 1871

[edit]

The church lost nearly a million dollars in property damage in the Chicago fire of 1871, leading to administrative instability for decades.[11]

Archdiocese establishment

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The Vatican in 1853 erected the Diocese of Quincy, taking Southern Illinois from the Diocese of Chicago. The Diocese of Quincy later became the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois.[10]

In 1877, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Peoria, taking its territory from the Diocese of Chicago. Three years later, the Vatican elevated the Diocese of Chicago to the Archdiocese of Chicago. At that time, five more counties were transferred to Peoria.[11]

28th International Eucharistic Congress

[edit]

In 1926, the archdiocese hosted the 28th International Eucharistic Congress.

Our Lady of the Angels fire

[edit]
Main article: Our Lady of the Angels School Fire

On December 1, 1958, Our Lady of Angels School in Chicago caught fire. Ninety-two students and three nuns died in five classrooms on the second floor of the structure. In 1959, the National Fire Protection Association' report blamed the archdiocese for "housing their children in fire traps" such as Our Lady of the Angels. The report noted that the archdiocese continued to allow some schools to be legally-operated despite having inadequate fire safety standards.

Sexual abuse

[edit]
Main article: Sexual abuse scandal in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

On May 23, 2023, Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul released a report on Catholic clergy child sex abuse in Illinois. The multi-year investigation found that more than 450 Catholic clergy in Illinois had abused nearly 2,000 children since 1950.[13][14]

Church closings

[edit]

In the early 1990s, the archdiocese closed almost 40 churches and schools.[15] In 2016, increasing costs, low attendance and priest shortages fueled plans to close or consolidate up to 100 parishes and schools in the following 15 years.[16] As of 2024, 39 churches in Chicago and 21 in the surrounding suburbs had closed permanently.[17] The number of parishes in the archdiocese had been reduced from 344 to 216 as of 2024.[18]

Churches

[edit]
Main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

In the 1950s, Chicago-area Catholics spoke of which churches they attended and identified themselves via these churches. University of Notre Dame professor Kathleen Sprows Cummings stated that knowing one's church revealed demographic information and that it "was an identifier, almost more identifiable than the particular neighborhood that they lived in."[19]

Archbishop's residence

[edit]
Archbishop's residence, Chicago

The archbishop's residence at 1555 North State Parkway is a private guesthouse owned by the Archdiocese of Chicago. It served as the official residence of the archbishops of Chicago until 2014, when incoming Archbishop Blaise Cupich decided to live in simpler quarters in the Holy Name Cathedral rectory.[20]

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the archbishop's residence was built in 1885 by Bishop Patrick Feehan, A three-story, red brick building, it is one of the oldest structures in the Astor Street District, according to the Landmarks Preservation Council. Before its construction, the bishops of Chicago resided at a home on LaSalle Street and North Avenue. When Pope John Paul II visited Chicago in 1979, he became the first pontiff to stay at the residence. However, both Pope Pius XII and Pope Paul VI stayed there when they were cardinals.

Bishops

[edit]

Since 1915, all archbishops of Chicago have been honored in consistory with the title of Cardinal Priest and membership in the College of Cardinals. The archbishops also have responsibilities in the dicasteries of the Roman Curia. All but two diocesan bishops were diocesan priests before assuming the episcopacy in Chicago. Two prelates came from religious institutes: the Society of Jesus (Bishop James Van de Velde) and the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Archbishop Francis George).[7]

Bishops of Chicago

[edit]
  1. William J. Quarter (1844–1848)
  2. James Oliver Van de Velde (1848–1853), appointed Bishop of Natchez
  3. Anthony O'Regan (1854–1858)
  4. James Duggan (1859–1880)
Monument to the Our Lady of the Angels School Fire at the Queen of Heaven Cemetery

Archbishops of Chicago

[edit]
  1. Patrick Augustine Feehan (1880–1902)
  2. James Edward Quigley (1903–1915)
  3. Cardinal George Mundelein (1915–1939)
  4. Cardinal Samuel Stritch (1939–1958), appointed Pro-Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
  5. Cardinal Albert Gregory Meyer (1958–1965)
  6. Cardinal John Cody (1965–1982)
  7. Cardinal Joseph Bernardin (1982–1996)
  8. Cardinal Francis George (1997–2014)
  9. Cardinal Blase J. Cupich (2014–present)

Current auxiliary bishops

[edit]

Former auxiliary bishops

[edit]
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Chicago

Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

[edit]

Structure of the archdiocese

[edit]
Archdiocese of Chicago vicariate map

Administration

The archdiocese pastoral centers are Archbishop Quigley Center, 835 North Rush Street and Cardinal Meyer Center, 3525 South Lake Park Avenue, both in Chicago.

Administrative Council to the Archbishop

Robert Casey, Vicar General
Stephen Kanonik, Moderator of the Curia
Daniel Welter, Chancellor
Jeffrey S. Grob, Auxiliary Bishop, Episcopal Vicar, Vicariate I
Mark A. Bartosic, Auxiliary Bishop, Episcopal Vicar, Vicariate II
Robert J. Lombardo, CFR, Auxiliary Bishop, Episcopal Vicar, Vicariate III
Andrew P. Wypych, Auxiliary Bishop, Episcopal Vicar, Vicariate V
Joseph N. Perry, Auxiliary Bishop, Episcopal Vicar, Vicariate VI
Thomas A. Baima, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs, University of St. Mary of the Lake / Mundelein Seminary
Michael M. Boland, Director, Catholic Charities
Betsy Bohlen, Chief Financial Officer
George Puszka, Director, Finance
Christopher J. Cannova, Department of Personnel Services
Peter de Keartry, Interim-Director, Department of Human Services
Peter Wojik, Director, Department of Parish Vitality and Mission
Jim Rigg, Superintendent, Archdiocesan Board of Catholic Education

Departments

[edit]

Departments, agencies and offices include:

Office of Catholic Schools

[edit]
Archbishop Quigley Pastoral Center, 835 N. Rush St., one of two administrative centers for the Archdiocese of Chicago.
See also: List of schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

The Office of Catholic Schools operates, manages, and supports diocesan and Catholic primary and secondary schools. Catholic education in the Chicago area began on June 3, 1844, with the opening of a boys' school. Chicago parochial schools served various ethnic groups, including Irish, Germans, Poles, Czechs and Bohemians, French, Slovaks, Lithuanians, Puerto Rican Americans, African Americans, Italians, and Mexicans. Many local nuns living in convents established and operated Catholic schools.

The school construction boom ended when Cardinal John Cody, archbishop at the time, decided to limit construction of Catholic schools in Lake County and suburban areas in Cook County. Due to changes in demographics, the archdiocese had closed more than half of its urban schools from 1966 to 2005.[22]

Between 1984 and 2004, the Office of Catholic Schools closed 148 schools and 10 school sites.[23] An August 27, 2015, article in the Chicago Tribune refers to the Archdiocese of Chicago Office of Catholic Schools as the largest private school system in the United States.[24] At the outset of the 2020/21 academic year, the archdiocese ran 160 elementary schools and three high schools. An additional eight Catholic elementary schools and 28 Catholic high schools that are not archdiocesan-run are located within the Archdiocese of Chicago.[1] As of 2015, the Superintendent of Catholic Schools is Jim Rigg, Ph.D.[25]

In January 2018, the archdiocese announced the closure of five of its schools.[26] In January 2020, the archdiocese announced the permanent closure of five of its other schools.[27] As of 2022, there are 33 Catholic high schools currently operating in Cook and Lake counties, seven all-girl high schools, seven all-boys high schools and 19 co-ed high schools.[28]

Respect Life Office

[edit]

Cardinal Francis George established the Respect Life Office within the archdiocese. "It promotes the cause of life through advocacy and prayer. It has available educational resources, a speakers bureau and sponsors annual conferences, retreats and rallies for adults and youth. The Office also maintains Project Rachel, a program of reconciliation for women who have abortion procedures; and the Chastity Education Initiative, which serves youth and young adults of the Archdiocese, advising them on issues of sexuality."[29][30]

The Respect Life Office has coordinated several anti-abortion initiatives in the Chicago area. These include the local 40 Days for Life[31] campaign, annual trip to the March for Life in both Chicago and Washington, DC, for college and high school students.[32]

Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade by the US Supreme Court on June 24, 2022, a group of abortion rights protesters disrupted a Catholic Mass in Old Town, Chicago on June 26, in response to the archdiocese's statement supporting Roe's overturn.[33]

Seminaries

[edit]

Province of Chicago

[edit]
Province of Chicago

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Facts and Figures - Archdiocese of Chicago". www.archchicago.org.
  2. ^ Joshua J. McElwee (September 21, 2014). "Exclusive: Chicago's new archbishop talks about 'stepping into the unknown'". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  3. ^ "Cardinal Blase J. Cupich Names Bishop Robert G. Casey New Vicar General of Archdiocese of Chicago" (Press release). Archdiocese of Chicago. August 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  4. ^ "A Consistent Ethic of Life: Continuing the Dialogue". www.priestsforlife.org. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  5. ^ Monet, J. (1979). "Marquette, Jacques". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Laval University. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  6. ^ "Jacques Gravier", Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, accessed 1 Mar 2010
  7. ^ a b c d e f Melody, John (1908). "Archdiocese of Chicago". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  8. ^ "History - Old St. Mary's Chicago". oldstmarys.com. July 24, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  9. ^ "Father O'Meara biography". St. Dennis Church. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
  10. ^ a b "Chicago (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c Avella, Steven M. (2005). "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society/Newberry Library. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  12. ^ "Bishop William Quarter (1806–1848)". Offaly Historical & Archaeological Society. September 2, 2007. Archived from the original on January 5, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  13. ^ "Report On Catholic Clergy Child Sex Abuse In Illinois 2023". Office of the Attorney General - State of Illinois. May 23, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  14. ^ Foody, Kathleen; Tarm, Michael (May 23, 2023). "Catholic clergy sexually abused Illinois kids far more often than church acknowledged, state finds". AP News. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  15. ^ Marx, Gary (January 29, 1990). "CHURCHES MAY SHUT, COMMUNITY DOESN'T". Chicago Tribune.
  16. ^ "Archdiocese May Close Nearly 100 Churches in Next 15 Years". Curbed Chicago. February 9, 2016.
  17. ^ "Decrees and Letters - Church Relegations". Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  18. ^ Ahern, Mary Ann (February 8, 2022). "Major Overhaul Will Leave Chicago Archdiocese With 123 Fewer Parishes By July". NBC 5 Chicago.
  19. ^ "Angels Too Soon: The Tragedy of the 1958 Our Lady of the Angels School Fire". WTTW. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  20. ^ "Archbishop Residence Chicago | Chicago Gold Coast Walking Tour | eVisitorGuide". www.evisitorguide.com. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  21. ^ "Departments and Agencies" (shtm). Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
  22. ^ Skerrett, Ellen (2005). "Catholic School System". Chicago Historical Society/Newberry Library. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  23. ^ Simons, Paul. "Closed School History: 1984–2004" (PDF). Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  24. ^ Crosby, Rachel (August 27, 2015). "Chicago Catholic Schools names new superintendent". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  25. ^ Crosby, Rachel (August 27, 2000). "Chicago Catholic Schools names new superintendent". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  26. ^ Hope, Leah; Elgas, Rob; Hickey, Megan (January 19, 2018). "Archdiocese of Chicago to close 5 Catholic schools". ABC7 Chicago.
  27. ^ "Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago to Close 5 Schools". NBC Chicago. January 13, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  28. ^ "Six decades later, officials say Regina Dominican's all-girls education increasingly relevant". Chicago Tribune. March 26, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  29. ^ Office, Respect Life. "Chastity Education Initiative/Youth". www.respectlifechicago.org. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  30. ^ "Respect Life Office". Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  31. ^ DeFiglio, Pam (October 12, 2008). "Crowd kicks off '40 Days for Life' prayer vigil". Catholic New World. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  32. ^ ""March for Life Chicago" to Mark Respect Life Month Activities" (Press release). Archdiocese of Chicago. January 16, 2014.
  33. ^ Lowe, Mary (August 1, 2022). "No Peaceful Mass in the Anti-Abortion Church". Rampant. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
  34. ^ "Information, Schedule & Directions". Shrine of Christ the King. Retrieved March 3, 2016.

Further reading

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  • Coughlin, Roger J. Charitable Care in the Archdiocese of Chicago (Chicago: The Catholic Charities, 2009)
  • Dahm, Charles W. Power and Authority in the Catholic Church: Cardinal Cody in Chicago (University of Notre Dame Press, 1981)
  • Faraone, Dominic E. "Urban Rifts and Religious Reciprocity: Chicago and the Catholic Church, 1965–1996." (2013, PhD, Marquette University); Bibliography pages 359–86. online
  • Garrathan, Gilbert J. The Catholic Church in Chicago, 1673–1871 (Loyola University Press, 1921)
  • Greeley, Andrew M. Chicago Catholics and the struggles within their Church (Transaction Publishers, 2011)
  • Hoy, Suellen. Good Hearts: Catholic Sisters in Chicago's Past (University of Illinois Press, 2006)
  • Kantowicz, Edward R. Corporation Sole: Cardinal Mundelein and Chicago Catholicism (University of Notre Dame Press, 1983)
  • Kantowicz, Edward R. The Archdiocese of Chicago: A Journey of Faith (Ireland: Booklink, 2006)
  • Kelliher, Thomas G. Hispanic Catholics and the Archidiocese of Chicago, 1923–1970 (PhD Diss. UMI, Dissertation Services, 1998)
  • Kennedy, Eugene. This Man Bernardin (Loyola U. Press, 1996)
  • Koenig, Rev. Msgr. Harry C., S.T.D., ed. Caritas Christi Urget Nos: A History of the Offices, Agencies, and Institutions of the Archdiocese of Chicago (2 vols. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 1981)
  • Koenig, Rev. Msgr. Harry C., S.T.D., ed. A History of the Parishes of the Archdiocese of Chicago. (2 vols. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 1980)
  • McMahon, Eileen M. What Parish Are You From?: A Chicago Irish Community and Race Relations (University Press of Kentucky, 1995)
  • Neary, Timothy B. "Black-Belt Catholic Space: African-American Parishes in Interwar Chicago." US Catholic Historian (2000): 76–91. in JSTOR
  • Parot, Joseph John. Polish Catholics in Chicago: 1850–1920: a Religious History (Northern Illinois University Press, 1981.)
  • Reiff, Janice L. et al., eds. The Encyclopedia of Chicago (University of Chicago Press, 2004) online
  • Sanders, James W. The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833–1965 (Oxford University Press, 1977)
  • Shanabruch, Charles. Chicago's Catholics: The evolution of an American identity (Univ of Notre Dame Press, 1981)
  • Skerrett, Ellen. "The Catholic Dimension." in Lawrence J. McCaffrey et al. eds. The Irish in Chicago (University of Illinois Press, 1987)
  • Skerrett, Ellen. Chicago's Neighborhoods and the Eclipse of Sacred Space (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994)
  • Skerrett, Ellen. et al. eds., Catholicism, Chicago Style (Loyola University Press, 1993)
  • Skok, Deborah A. More Than Neighbors: Catholic Settlements and Day Nurseries in Chicago, 1893–1930 (Northern Illinois University Press, 2007)
  • Wall, A.E.P. The Spirit of Cardinal Bernardin (Chicago: Thomas More Press, 1983)
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